
Qualified Research Expenses (QREs)
The IRS allows several categories of Qualified Research Expenses (QREs):
Compliance and Documentation
Following the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) signed July 4, 2025, §174 now allows immediate expensing of domestic research expenses for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2025. Taxpayers may also elect optional amortization under new §174A. Foreign research expenses must still be amortized over 15 years. This is separate from the §41 credit but impacts overall tax planning.
Documentation requirements remain unchanged. Maintain clear records of:
Frequently Asked Questions
Yes. Farmers and agribusinesses can qualify if they engage in systematic testing or trials that resolve technical uncertainty, not routine operations.
Wages, supplies, cloud software, and a portion of contract research directly related to qualified R&D activities.
Common row crops such as corn, wheat, soybeans, and cotton can qualify when growers test new methods or technologies.
Routine farming, post‑discovery production, and non‑technical tasks such as sales or general management.
Savings vary by farm size and scope of activities. Industry reports suggest many row crop operations see $50,000 to $200,000 in annual credits when research activities are properly documented.
Maintain side‑by‑side trial data, soil and yield records, equipment logs, and employee time allocations to support claims under IRS audit guidelines.
Next Steps
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Medical & Pharmaceutical
With just a little info, our Strike Experts can help you start your R&D tax credit journey.
Moving your discovery from the lab to first-in-human (FIH) clinical verification is a necessary step toward FDA approval. Many costs associated with preparing the drug for clinical trials and subsequent human testing are considered qualified research expenses (QREs). The costs of Phase I-IV trials, performed in-house or by third-party contractors, can typically be claimed for the R&D tax credit.
As long as your company funds the research, retains the IP rights to the results, and performs the clinical trials in the U.S., these costs are considered QREs and you can claim the R&D Tax Credit.
Employee wages, raw materials & supplies, and third-party contractor costs associated with qualifying research activities are considered QREs. Companies can receive refunds of up to 22% of total QREs through federal and state tax credits, depending on the state in which your business operates.
Examples of qualifying activities:
- Designing and implementing novel software solutions to facilitate clinical trials
- Formulating and manufacturing a new compound/drug/biologic
- Hiring a clinical research organization (CRO) to recruit, screen, and enroll clinical trial participants
- Analyzing trial results, e.g. pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability, etc.
- Conducting Phase IV studies to determine the long-term effects of a drug
Do you have these job titles on your payroll, or do you hire third-party contractors to do these jobs?
- C-suite
- Clinical Pharmacologists
- Clinical Trial Coordinators
- Data Managers
- Pharmacists
- Physicians
- Principal Investigators
- Research Coordinators
- Research Nurses
Use our R&D Tax Calculator to estimate your potential benefit, and partner with Strike to claim your tax benefits with no up-front costs. Contact one of our experts today.
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